Acceptable / Needed / Suitable
Depend on what try to capture, for what purposes.
fps | |
1 | Occupancy, essentially only need kind-of snapshots at some suitable frequency |
~3-4 | Capturing people walking, flow, direction |
~10 | Capturing people running, flow, direction |
6-15 | Average range for almost 70 (68)%, surveillance applications, 2019 |
15 | Average frame rate, surveillance applications, 2019 |
15 | “As a rough rule of thumb, I’d make sure you had a frame every 3 feet or more. In the case above (30mph / 44 feet per second), that would mean 15fps. Of course, you still need to have a short shutter speed to eliminate blur.” (city traffic) [ipvm.com/reports/lpc-test-2014] |
24 | Movies / videos in general. |
30 | Common standard in smartphones (2020) |
60 | Common high-alternative choice in smartphones (2020) |
- For “the movies”, professional or home
- 24 fps if traditional cinema, the movies
- 30 fps,
https://www.google.com/search?q=how+many+frames+per+second+can+the+eye+see
Frame Rate Guide for Video Surveillance – https://ipvm.com/reports/frame-rate-surveillance-guide (PUBLIC)
License Plate Capture Shootout 2014 – https://ipvm.com/reports/lpc-test-2014 (PUBLIC)
Shutter Speed & Frame Rate
“Key lesson: The frame rate per second can never be higher than the number of exposures per second. If you have a 1/4s shutter, the shutter / exposure only opens and closes 4 times per second (i.e., 1/4s + 1/4s + 1/4s + 1/4s = 1s). Since this only happens 4 times, you can only have 4 frames in that second.”
NOTE: The above is recommendation for what feels natural for humans.
One can definitely have both lower and higher frame rate per second than exposures per second.
https://vimeo.com/blog/post/frame-rate-vs-shutter-speed-setting-the-record-str/
lower – more blurriness in movements
higher – more sharp movements
good starting rule: shutter speed = double of frame rate, e.g. 1/60th of a second at 30 fps
Standards – Technologies
12, 15, 16, 18 | 8mm Film (1932-1970s~) |
18, 24 | Super 8mm Film (1965-1970s~) |
24p | progressive scan format |
25 | PAL television standard, VHS cameras (major technology succeeding 8 mm; Europe+SECAM-areas). Also Video8. |
25p | progressive broadcasting format, 25 fps |
29.97 | NTSC television standard (timecode can be drop-frame or non-drop-frame) |
30p | progressive broadcasting format, 30 fps |
50p/60p | progressive format, high-end HDTV, 50 fps / 60 fps respectively |
100p/ 119.88p/ 120p |
progressive-scan formats standardized for UHDTV by the ITU-R BT.2020 recommendation. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_rate
- ” The human visual system can process 10 to 12 images per second and perceive them individually, while higher rates are perceived as motion.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_broadcast_video_formats
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media, doesn’t talk about fps but more focus on bitrates
- 2 Mbps – streaming standard definition video (SD) ( 858 MiB/hr; 2000000*3600/(8*1024*1024) )
- 5 Mbps – streaming High Definition video (HD) ( 2.15 GiB/hr, 5000000*3600/(8*1024*1024) )
- 9 Mbps – streaming Ultra-High Definition video (UHD) ( 3.86 GiB/hr, 9000000*3600/(8*1024*1024) )