Data – a J&P MLabs Main Category

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(MLabs’ main categories

Data – category by MLabs

This page – MLabs’ section – focuses about data around media and not specifically on data in wider, or more philosophical, terms, like for instance the familiar DIKW pyramid.

 

No, here we focus on Data, and – ok – Information, as well as Knowledge (e.g. frames per second (fps) figure in itself doesn’t honestly make ANY sense without context, if as good/bad/suitable/non-suitable figure), about and around media.

 

Disc or Disk

Disc or disk – en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelling_of_disc

Data on Removable Disks like Floppies, CD, DVD

Just to square away this topic, what used to be prevalent use is something we don’t touch any longer.

  • Floppy discs: end using started later 1990s.
  • CD and DVDs for data: end use in the 2000s into first half of 2010s.
    • Finally discarded ALL remaining data CD/DVD in December 2020 but this after years of never touching any.

Floppy Disks, Floppies

Era Type Capacities1 System(s)
1970s 8-inch 1.2 MB IBM 5110
1970s-1980s 5 1/4 – inch 2×80 KB, 2x160KB, 2×320 KB2 ABC 80, Jet 80
1980s-1990s3 3 1/2 – inch 400 KB, 800 KB, 1440 KB (Mac)
640 KB…2880 KB (Win)
Mac’s, Win PCs

1) As used by J&P
2) Yes, those were the capacities, in kilobytes
3) Apple’s last computer with floppy drive was the G3 in 1998.  (engadget.com The floppy disk is dead (and Apple helped kill it), 2010-04-28)

Optical Discs

Main-cat.1 λ Sub-cat.2 Cap.3 Comments
CD
(1st gen
optical
discs)
780 nm Data 680 GB
740 GB
* Usable in computers, with file systems like ISO 9660, Universal Disk Format (UDTF).
* Mounts on computer file system and files are used with regular applications for working wit files (word processor, spreadsheet, et c)
Video 74 min
80 min
* Video CD (VCD) – intended for media players (like DVD player connected to TV) but also mounts on computers BUT media is specially formatted and cannot be accessed without special player.
DVD
(2nd gen)
650 nm Data 4.7 GB
8.5 GB
* Like CDs for data.
Video 120 min
240 min
4
* Like VCD – intended for use in player connected to TV, and when used on computers do require special player software for accessing content.
* One mess is the use of DVD region codes (w) (1=US, 2=Europe, …)….
* Another mess is handling CSS DRM as required
* The regular annoyance with NTSC and PAL apply for media of this generation.
HD-DVD 405 nm Video n/a (Was a competing format to Blu-ray but was the format loosing that war.)
Blu-ray
(3rd gen)
405 nm Data 25 GB
50 GB
100, 128
Game consoles
Video 2 hrs+5 * Like VCDs and Video DVDs – for use with dedicated player and TV.
* Also messes around with region codes but different cmp to DVDs.
* New, several layers of digital rights management (DRM)
* The regular annoyance with NTSC and PAL apply for media of this generation.
(4th gen..) -> -> -> See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_discd, include (e.g.) Archival Disc, Holographic Versatile Disc, and Ultra HD Bluray.
J&P don’t see an own future using any physical media, like optical discs,  for either
– Data/Storage: will continued handling backups in cloud services and local HDs
– Video/Multimedia: 4K and other higher resolution video, via streaming services and local storage in players, like Apple TV, Dish Hopper, Smart TVs… More in TV Hardware (/mlabs/video/players/tvhw/).

1) Main-category (technology)
2) Sub-category (use) – Data (primary use is in computer) or Video (primary use is in dedicated player connected to TV)
3) More common capacities.
4) Common rule of thumb during this era was estimating 2 GB per hour of average video (MPEG-2 encoded)
5) Higher resolutions are used compared to DVDs. “Discs encoded in MPEG-2 video typically limit content producers to around two hours of high-definition content on a single-layer (25 GB) BD-ROM. The more-advanced video formats (VC-1 and MPEG-4 AVC) typically achieve a video run time twice that of MPEG-2, with comparable quality.” [wikipedia]

Our TV Hardware section also include list of available video discs (DVD, Blu-ray).

TV Hardware

 

Metadata

What this page and section is REALLY about it all metadata that exists around media – images / photos and video.

From en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadata:

Metadata is “data that provides information about other data”.[1] In other words, it is “data about data”. Many distinct types of metadata exist, including descriptive metadatastructural metadataadministrative metadata,[2] reference metadata and statistical metadata.[3]

    • Descriptive metadata is descriptive information about a resource. It is used for discovery and identification. It includes elements such as title, abstract, author, and keywords.
    • Structural metadata is metadata about containers of data and indicates how compound objects are put together, for example, how pages are ordered to form chapters. It describes the types, versions, relationships and other characteristics of digital materials.[4]
    • Administrative metadata is information to help manage a resource, like resource type, permissions, and when and how it was created.[5]
    • Reference metadata is information about the contents and quality of statistical data.
    • Statistical metadata, also called process data, may describe processes that collect, process, or produce statistical data.[6]

 

Audio – Examples Metadata

  

Images / Photos – Examples Metadata

Example 1 – Metadata on Photo shot with a iPhone 12 Pro

  1. Finder – Info
  2. Preview – General Info
  3. Preview – More Info, General Tab
  4. Preview – More Info, Exif Tab
  5. Preview – More Info, GPS Tab
  6. Preview – More Info, TIFF Tab
  7. Preview – Keywords (none)
  8. Preview – Annotations (none)

 

Example 2 – Metadata on Photo shot with a Ricoh Theta 360 Camera

  1. Preview – General Info. i.1. 2020-02-19 03.37.40.png
  2. Preview – More Info, General Tab. i.2.1. General, Ricoh Theta S – rc fr iPhone- 2020-02-19 03.32.22.png
  3. Preview – More Info, Exif Tab. i.2.2. Exif, 2020-02-19 03.32.25.png
  4. Preview – More Info, GPS Tab. i.2.3. GPS, 2020-02-19 03.32.27.png
  5. Preview – More Info, IPTC Tab. i.2.4. IPTC, 2020-02-19 03.32.30.png (not in example 1, photo from iPhone 12 Pro)
  6. Preview – More Info, JFIF Tab. i.2.5. JFIF, 2020-02-19 03.32.32.png (not in example 1, photo from iPhone 12 Pro)
  7. Preview – More Info, TIFF Tab. i.2.6. TIFF, 2020-02-19 03.32.36.png

(Not including Keywords and Annotations here – empty anyway.)

 

 

 

 

ExifTool (Image, …)

One tool for extracting and editing metainfo on images and more.

More on ExifTool in mlabs/lib/tools/

Video – Examples Metadata, MediaInfo Sections (Video)

mediainfo, section named in bold and in order as presented by tool

mediainfo
section
MLabs
web area
(1) General No specific, yet
(2) Video /mlabs/video/
(3) Audio /mlabs/audio/
(4) Text (subtitles) /mlabs/text/###
(5) Other (###) No specific, yet
(6) Image /mlabs/image/
(7) Menu No specific, yet
  1. General –
  2. Video – MXF, MKV, OGM, AVI, DivX, WMV, QuickTime, RealVideo, Mpeg-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, DVD-Video (VOB), DivX, XviD, MSMPEG4, ASP, H.264 (Mpeg-4 AVC); MPEG-1/2 Video, H.263, MPEG-4 Visual (including DivX, XviD), H.264/AVC, H.265/HEVC, FFV1…
  3. Audio – OGG, MP3, WAV, RealAudio, AC3, DTS, AAC, M4A, AU, AIFF; MPEG Audio (including MP3), AC3, DTS, AAC, Dolby E, AES3, FLAC…
  4. Text (Subtitles) – SRT, SSA, ASS, SAMI; CEA-608, CEA-708, DTVCC, SCTE-20, SCTE-128, ATSC/53, CDP, DVB Subtitle, Teletext, SRT, SSA, ASS, SAMI…
  5. Other –
  6. Image –
  7. Menu –

More on mediainfo in mlabs/lib/tools/

From an IMG_1530.MOV.mediainfo.txt (a video shot on iPhone 12 Pro, H.265/HVEC, but as sent via email and Apple iCloud service, by Apple solutions involved transcoded to H.264/AVC.

General
Complete name : /Users/johan/Dropbox/Documents/Emails/2sort/Photos, 2 Photos Album/2020-12-25 09.38 Julslitet, modern samhälle 2020/2020-12-25 09.38.27 1178268 Julslitet, modern samhälle 2020/A8 IMG_1530.MOV
Format : MPEG-4
Format profile : QuickTime
Codec ID : qt 0000.00 (qt )
File size : 19.8 MiB
Duration : 11 s 242 ms
Overall bit rate mode : Variable
Overall bit rate : 14.8 Mb/s
Encoded date : UTC 2020-12-25 15:13:39
Tagged date : UTC 2020-12-25 15:13:42
Writing library : Apple QuickTime
com.apple.quicktime.location.accuracy.ho : 14.438022
com.apple.quicktime.location.ISO6709 : +30.3949-097.6986+228.935/
com.apple.quicktime.make : Apple
com.apple.quicktime.model : iPhone 12 Pro
com.apple.quicktime.software : 14.2.1
com.apple.quicktime.creationdate : 2020-12-25T08:46:24-0600
com.apple.photos.originating.signature : AWrDK+shYmeylf9w1W3szSu7/RDM
Video
ID : 2
Format : AVC
Format/Info : Advanced Video Codec
Format profile : High@L4
Format settings, CABAC : Yes
Format settings, ReFrames : 2 frames
Codec ID : avc1
Codec ID/Info : Advanced Video Coding
Duration : 11 s 242 ms
Bit rate : 14.6 Mb/s
Width : 1 920 pixels
Height : 1 080 pixels
Display aspect ratio : 16:9
Frame rate mode : Variable
Frame rate : 29.970 (29970/1000) FPS
Minimum frame rate : 28.571 FPS
Maximum frame rate : 31.579 FPS
Color space : YUV
Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0
Bit depth : 8 bits
Scan type : Progressive
Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.235
Stream size : 19.5 MiB (99%)
Title : Core Media Video
Encoded date : UTC 2020-12-25 15:13:39
Tagged date : UTC 2020-12-25 15:13:42
Color range : Limited
Color primaries : BT.709
Transfer characteristics : BT.709
Matrix coefficients : BT.709
Audio
ID : 1
Format : AAC
Format/Info : Advanced Audio Codec
Format profile : LC
Codec ID : 40
Duration : 11 s 212 ms
Source duration : 11 s 238 ms
Bit rate mode : Variable
Bit rate : 165 kb/s
Channel(s) : 2 channels
Channel positions : Front: L R
Sampling rate : 44.1 kHz
Frame rate : 43.066 FPS (1024 spf)
Compression mode : Lossy
Stream size : 225 KiB (1%)
Source stream size : 225 KiB (1%)
Title : Core Media Audio
Encoded date : UTC 2020-12-25 15:13:39
Tagged date : UTC 2020-12-25 15:13:42
Other #1
Type : meta
Duration : 11 s 242 ms

Other #2
Type : meta
Duration : 11 s 242 ms
Bit rate mode : VBR

Other #3
Type : meta
Duration : 11 s 242 ms
Bit rate mode : VBR